Vol. 63 No. 3 (2024)
Articles

Isolation and molecular characterization of a Xylella fastidiosa subsp. multiplex strain from almond (Prunus dulcis) in Apulia, Southern Italy

PDF
  • Vito MONTILON,
  • Oriana POTERE,
  • Leonardo SUSCA,
  • Francesco MANNERUCCI,
  • Franco NIGRO,
  • Stefania POLLASTRO,
  • Giuliana LOCONSOLE,
  • Francesco PALMISANO,
  • Claudio ZAZA,
  • Marco CANTATORE,
  • Francesco FARETRA
Vito MONTILON
University of Bari Aldo Moro, Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences (DiSSPA), Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
Oriana POTERE
University of Bari Aldo Moro, Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences (DiSSPA), Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
Leonardo SUSCA
University of Bari Aldo Moro, Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences (DiSSPA), Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
Francesco MANNERUCCI
University of Bari Aldo Moro, Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences (DiSSPA), Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
Franco NIGRO
University of Bari Aldo Moro, Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences (DiSSPA), Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
Stefania POLLASTRO
University of Bari Aldo Moro, Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences (DiSSPA), Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
Giuliana LOCONSOLE
National Research Council, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Via Amendola, 122/D, 70126 Bari, Italy
Francesco PALMISANO
Regional Plant Protection Service-Apulia Region, Lungomare Nazario Sauro, 51, 70100 Bari, Italy
Claudio ZAZA
Regional Plant Protection Service-Apulia Region, Lungomare Nazario Sauro, 51, 70100 Bari, Italy
Marco CANTATORE
Regional Plant Protection Service-Apulia Region, Lungomare Nazario Sauro, 51, 70100 Bari, Italy
Francesco FARETRA
University of Bari Aldo Moro, Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences (DiSSPA), Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36253/phyto-15810
Categories

Published 2024-12-30

Keywords

  • Xanthomonadaceae,
  • MLST,
  • priority pest,
  • sequence type,
  • xylem-limited bacterium

How to Cite

[1]
V. MONTILON, “Isolation and molecular characterization of a Xylella fastidiosa subsp. multiplex strain from almond (Prunus dulcis) in Apulia, Southern Italy”, Phytopathol. Mediterr., vol. 63, no. 3, pp. 423–429, Dec. 2024.

Copyright (c) 2024 Vito MONTILON, Oriana POTERE, Leonardo SUSCA, Francesco MANNERUCCI, Franco NIGRO, Stefania POLLASTRO, Giuliana LOCONSOLE, Francesco PALMISANO, Claudio ZAZA, Marco CANTATORE, Francesco FARETRA

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC

Abstract

Xylella fastidiosa is a xylem-limited phytopathogenic bacterium under regulation in the European Union as a priority pest. Given the potential risk posed by this pathogen to cultivated and ornamental plants, mandatory annual surveys and laboratory testing are required in Member States to early detect outbreaks. In the course of surveys carried out during early spring 2024 in the Apulia region (Southern Italy), X. fastidiosa subsp. multiplex was identified using quantitative real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR), in a non-symptomatic sample from an almond tree (Prunus dulcis) in an orchard located in Santeramo in Colle, in Bari province. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was used to identify the subspecies and sequence type (ST) of the bacterium using the genomic DNAs extracted from the infected sample. Comparative sequence analysis of the seven MLST allele genes indicated that the obtained nucleotide sequences completely matched allele sequences of X. fastidiosa in PubMLST database corresponding to the allelic profile (Sequence Type) ST26 related to subsp. multiplex. Bacterial colonies consistent in morphology with X. fastidiosa were isolated from asymptomatic host samples and identity was confirmed by real-time PCR analysis. This is the first report of detection of X. fastidiosa subsp. multiplex ST26 in the EU.

PDF

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

  1. Almeida R.P.P., Purcell A.H., 2003. Biological Traits of Xylella fastidiosa Strains from Grapes and Almonds. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69(12): 7447–7452. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.69.12.7447-7452.2003
  2. Carvalho-Luis C., Rodrigues J.M., Martins L.M., 2022. Dispersion of the Bacterium Xylella Fastidiosa in Portugal. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology A 12(1). https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6256/2022.01.005
  3. Coletta-Filho H.D., Francisco C.S., Lopes J.R., Muller C., Almeida R.P., 2017. Homologous Recombination and Xylella Fastidiosa Host–Pathogen Associations in South America. Phytopathology 107(3): 305–312. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-09-16-0321-R
  4. Cornara D., Boscia D., D’Attoma G., Digiaro M., Ligorio A., … Saponari M., 2024. An Integrated Strategy for Pathogen Surveillance Unveiled Xylella Fastidiosa ST1 Outbreak in Hidden Agricultural Compartments in the Apulia Region (Southern Italy). European Journal of Plant Pathology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-024-02945-7
  5. Denancé N., Legendre B., Briand M., Olivier V., de Boisseson C., … Jacques M.A., 2017. Several Subspecies and Sequence Types Are Associated with the Emergence of Xylella Fastidiosa in Natural Settings in France. Plant Pathology 66(7): 1054–1064. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppa.12695
  6. Dupas E., Briand M., Jacques M.A., Cesbron S., 2019. Novel Tetraplex Quantitative PCR Assays for Simultaneous Detection and Identification of Xylella Fastidiosa Subspecies in Plant Tissues. Frontiers in Plant Science 10: 1732. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.01732
  7. European Commission, 2016. Regulation (EU) 2016/2031 of the European Parliament of the Council of 26 October 2016 on protective measures against pests of plants, amending Regulations (EU) No 228/2013, (EU) No 652/2014 and (EU) No 1143/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council and repealing Council Directives 69/464/EEC, 74/647/EEC, 93/85/EEC, 98/57/EC, 2000/29/EC, 2006/91/EC and 2007/33/EC. Official Journal of the European Union L 317: 4–104. http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2016/2031/oj/eng
  8. European Commission, 2019. Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/1702 of 1 August 2019 supplementing Regulation (EU) 2016/2031 of the European Parliament and of the Council by establishing the list of priority pests. Official Journal of the European Union L 260: 8–10. http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_del/2019/1702/oj/eng
  9. European Commission, 2020. Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1201 of 14 August 2020 as regards measures to prevent the introduction into and the spread within the Union of Xylella fastidiosa (Wells et al.). Official Journal of the European Union L 269: 2–39. http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2020/1201/oj/eng
  10. European Commission, 2024. Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/2507 of 26 September 2024 amending and correcting Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1201 as regards measures to prevent the introduction into and spread within the Union of Xylella fastidiosa (Wells et al.) and amending Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1770 as regards the list of plant species not exempted from the traceability code requirement for plant passports. Official Journal of the European Union L. http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2024/2507/oj/eng
  11. EFSA (European Food Safety Authority), Delbianco A., Gibin D., Pasinato L., Morelli M., 2022. Update of the Xylella spp. host plant database: systematic literature search up to 30 June 2021. EFSA Journal 20(1): 7039. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7039
  12. EFSA (European Food Safety Authority), Gibin D., Pasinato L., Delbianco A., 2023. Update of the Xylella Spp. Host Plant Database – Systematic Literature Search up to 31 December 2022. EFSA Journal 21(6): 8061. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8061
  13. EPPO (European Plant Protection Organization), 2023. PM 7/24 (5) Xylella Fastidiosa. EPPO/OEPP Bulletin 53(2): 205-276. https://doi.org/10.1111/epp.12923
  14. Giampetruzzi A., Chiumenti M., Saponari M., Donvito G., Italiano A., … Saldarelli P., 2015. Draft Genome Sequence of the Xylella fastidiosa CoDiRO Strain. Genome Announcements 3(1): e01538-14. https://doi.org/10.1128/genomeA.01538-14
  15. Giampetruzzi A., Saponari M., Almeida R.P.P., Essakhi S., Boscia D., ... Saldarelli P., 2017. Complete Genome Sequence of the Olive-Infecting Strain Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca De Donno. Genome Announcements 5(27): 10.1128/genomea.00569-17. https://doi.org/10.1128/genomea.00569-17
  16. Harper S.J., Ward L.I., Clover G.R.G., 2010. Development of LAMP and Real-Time PCR Methods for the Rapid Detection of Xylella fastidiosa for Quarantine and Field Applications. Phytopathology® 100(12): 1282–1288. (erratum 2013). https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-06-10-0168
  17. Hodgetts J., Glover R., Cole J., Hall J., Boonham N., 2021. Genomics informed design of a suite of real‐time PCR assays for the specific detection of each Xylella fastidiosa subspecies. Journal of Applied Microbiology 131(2): 855–872. https://doi.org/10.1111/jam.14903
  18. Hopkins D.L., 1989. Xylella Fastidiosa: Xylem-Limited Bacterial Pathogen of Plants. Annual Review of Phytopathology 27(1): 271–290. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.py.27.090189.001415
  19. Huson D.H., Bryant D., 2006. Application of Phylogenetic Networks in Evolutionary Studies. Molecular Biology and Evolution 23(2): 254–267. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msj030
  20. Jolley K.A., Bray J.E., Maiden M.C.J., 2018. Open-Access Bacterial Population Genomics: BIGSdb Software, the PubMLST.Org Website and Their Applications. Wellcome Open Research 3: 124. https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14826.1
  21. Krugner R., Sisterson M.S., Chen J., Stenger D.C., Johnson M.W., 2014. Evaluation of Olive as a Host of Xylella fastidiosa and Associated Sharpshooter Vectors. Plant Disease 98(9): 1186–1193. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-01-14-0014-RE
  22. Loconsole G., Potere O., Boscia D., Altamura G., Djelouah K., … Saponari M., 2014. Detection of Xylella fastidiosa in olive trees by molecular and serological methods. Journal of Plant Pathology 96(1): 7–14. https://doi.org/10.4454/JPP.V96I1.041
  23. Loureiro T., Serra L., Martins A., Cortez I., Poeta P., 2024. Xylella Fastidiosa Dispersion on Vegetal Hosts in Demarcated Zones in the North Region of Portugal. Microbiology Research 15(3): 1050–1072. https://doi.org/10.3390/microbiolres15030069
  24. Marco-Noales E., Barbé S., Monterde A., Navarro-Herrero I., Ferrer A., … Roselló M., 2021. Evidence that Xylella fastidiosa is the Causal Agent of Almond Leaf Scorch Disease in Alicante, Mainland Spain (Iberian Peninsula). Plant Disease 105(11): 3349–3352. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-03-21-0625-SC
  25. Martelli G.P., Boscia D., Porcelli F., Saponari M., 2016. The Olive Quick Decline Syndrome in South-East Italy: A Threatening Phytosanitary Emergency. European Journal of Plant Pathology 144(2): 235–243. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-015-0784-7
  26. Nunney L., Vickerman D.B., Bromley R.E., Russell S.A., Hartman J.R., … Stouthamer R., 2013. Recent Evolutionary Radiation and Host Plant Specialization in the Xylella Fastidiosa Subspecies Native to the United States. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 79(7): 2189–2200. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.03208-12
  27. Nunney L., Azad H., Stouthamer R., 2019. An Experimental Test of the Host-Plant Range of Nonrecombinant Strains of North American Xylella Fastidiosa subsp. multiplex. Phytopathology® 109(2): 294–300. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-07-18-0252-FI
  28. Olmo D., Nieto A., Adrover F., Urbano A., Beidas O., ... Landa B.B., 2017. First Detection of Xylella fastidiosa Infecting Cherry (Prunus avium) and Polygala myrtifolia Plants, in Mallorca Island, Spain. Plant Disease 101(10): 1820–1820. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-17-0590-PDN
  29. Pucci N., Scala V., Cesari E., Crosara V., Fiorani R., … Loreti S., 2023. An Inter-Laboratory Comparative Study on the Influence of Reagents to Perform the Identification of the Xylella Fastidiosa Subspecies Using Tetraplex Real Time PCR. Horticulturae 9(9): 1053. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9091053
  30. Purcell A.H., Hopkins D.L., 1996. Fastidious xylem-limited bacterial plant pathogens. Annual Review of Phytopathology 34: 131–151. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.phyto.34.1.131
  31. Saponari M., Boscia D., Nigro F., Martelli G.P., 2013. Identification of Dna Sequences Related to Xylella fastidiosa in Oleander, Almond and Olive Trees Exhibiting Leaf Scorch Symptoms in Apulia (southern Italy). Journal of Plant Pathology 95(3): 668. https://doi.org/10.4454/JPP.V95I3.035
  32. Saponari M., Boscia D., Altamura G., Loconsole G., Zicca S., ... Martelli G.P., 2017. Isolation and Pathogenicity of Xylella Fastidiosa Associated to the Olive Quick Decline Syndrome in Southern Italy. Scientific Reports 7(1): 17723. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-17957-z
  33. Saponari M., D’Attoma G., Kubaa R.A., Loconsole G., Altamura G., … Boscia D., 2019. A new variant of Xylella fastidiosa subspecies multiplex detected in different host plants in the recently emerged outbreak in the region of Tuscany, Italy. European Journal of Plant Pathology 154(4): 1195–1200. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-019-01736-9
  34. Schaad N.W., Postnikova E., Lacy G., Chang C.J., 2004. Xylella fastidiosa subspecies: X. fastidiosa subsp piercei, subsp. nov., X. fastidiosa subsp. multiplex subsp. nov., and X. fastidiosa subsp. pauca subsp. nov. Systematic and Applied Microbiology 27(3): 290-300.
  35. Trkulja V., Tomić A., Iličić R., Nožinić M., Milovanović T.P., 2022. Xylella Fastidiosa in Europe: From the Introduction to the Current Status. The Plant Pathology Journal 38(6): 551–571. https://doi.org/10.5423/PPJ.RW.09.2022.0127.
  36. Wells J.M., Raju B.C., Nyland G., Lowe S.K., 1981. Medium for Isolation and Growth of Bacteria Associated with Plum Leaf Scald and Phony Peach Diseases. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 42(2): 357–363. https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.42.2.357-363.1981
  37. Wells J.M., Raju B.C., Hung H.Y., Weisburg W.G., Mandelco-Paul L., Brenner D.J., 1987. Xylella fastidiosa gen. nov., sp. nov: Gram-Negative, Xylem-Limited, Fastidious Plant Bacteria Related to Xanthomonas spp. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 37(2): 136–143. https://doi.org/10.1099/00207713-37-2-136
  38. Yuan X., Morano L., Bromley R., Spring-Pearson S., Stouthamer R., Nunney L., 2010. Multilocus Sequence Typing of Xylella fastidiosa Causing Pierce’s Disease and Oleander Leaf Scorch in the United States. Phytopathology 100(6): 601–611. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-100-6-0601

Most read articles by the same author(s)