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Rural digitalisation and territorial diversity: A configurational analysis of contexts, mechanisms, and outcomes

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  • Marco Medici,
  • Gianluca Brunori,
  • Gaetano Martino
Marco Medici
Institut Polytechnique UniLaSalle
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36253/rea-17411

Published 2026-09-10

Keywords

  • rural digitalization,
  • realist evaluation,
  • territorial governance,
  • digital divide,
  • place-based policy

How to Cite

Medici, M., Brunori, G., & Martino, G. (2026). Rural digitalisation and territorial diversity: A configurational analysis of contexts, mechanisms, and outcomes. Italian Review of Agricultural Economics. https://doi.org/10.36253/rea-17411

Copyright (c) 2026 Marco Medici, Gianluca Brunori, Gaetano Martino

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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Abstract

Rural digitalisation is a place-based process that is expected to support regional development and reduce spatial digital divides, yet its outcomes vary widely depending on local conditions, institutional capacity, and territorial arrangements. This study investigates the ways in which rural digitalisation processes produce differing outcomes by applying the context–mechanism–outcome logic of realist evaluation to 35 empirical cases drawn from a systematic literature review. Through the use of multiple correspondence analysis, six distinct configurations are identified, and it is shown how various mechanisms, such as facilitation of access to services, knowledge dissemination, and digital infrastructure restructuring, interact with contextual conditions to generate divergent outcomes across rural territorial settings. This analysis indicates that digitalisation is not inherently inclusive: in cases where mechanisms are contextually aligned and governance arrangements support local adaptation, positive outcomes are more likely, whereas digital initiatives that are externally imposed or poorly adapted to local institutional realities tend to reinforce dependency, mistrust, or exclusion. These findings call for more adaptive, context-sensitive governance models that are responsive to place-based conditions, with implications for the design of rural development policies and spatially targeted digital inclusion strategies.

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