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Phylogenetic diversity and pathogenicity of Colletotrichum species associated with avocado anthracnose in Chile

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  • Marcelo I. BUSTAMANTE,
  • Ysadora FERNÁNDEZ,
  • Claudio OSORIO-NAVARRO,
  • Cristóbal CÁRDENAS,
  • Tyler B. BOURRET,
  • Akif ESKALEN,
  • José Luis HENRÍQUEZ-SÁEZ
Marcelo I. BUSTAMANTE
Departamento de Sanidad Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, La Pintana, 8820808, Santiago, Chile
Ysadora FERNÁNDEZ
Departamento de Sanidad Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, La Pintana, 8820808, Santiago, Chile
Claudio OSORIO-NAVARRO
Departamento de Sanidad Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, La Pintana, 8820808, Santiago, Chile
Cristóbal CÁRDENAS
Departamento de Sanidad Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, La Pintana, 8820808, Santiago, Chile
Tyler B. BOURRET
Mycology and Nematology Genetic Diversity and Biology Laboratory, AgriMycology and Nematology Genetic Diversity and Biology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
Akif ESKALEN
Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
José Luis HENRÍQUEZ-SÁEZ
Departamento de Sanidad Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, La Pintana, 8820808, Santiago, Chile
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36253/phyto-16790
Categories

Published 2026-03-16

Keywords

  • Persea americana,
  • Etiology,
  • Postharvest disease

How to Cite

[1]
M. I. BUSTAMANTE, “Phylogenetic diversity and pathogenicity of Colletotrichum species associated with avocado anthracnose in Chile”, Phytopathol. Mediterr., Mar. 2026.

Copyright (c) 2026 Marcelo I. BUSTAMANTE, Ysadora FERNÁNDEZ, Claudio OSORIO-NAVARRO, Cristóbal CÁRDENAS, Tyler B. BOURRET, Akif ESKALEN, José Luis HENRÍQUEZ-SÁEZ

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Abstract

Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum species, is a major disease of avocado (Persea americana) that significantly reduces fruit quality and export potential in Chile. Colletotrichum species associated with this disease were identified and their pathogenicity to avocado was assessed. In the summer of 2018, healthy fruits (n = 1,335) were sampled from three commercial groves located in the Metropolitan, O’Higgins and Valparaíso regions of Chile, and from a non-commercial grove and local markets. Fruits were stored until symptoms developed, indicating anthracnose incidence in commercial groves ranging from 10 to 50%. A total of 146 fungal isolates were obtained from symptomatic fruit and were initially identified as Colletotrichum spp. Fifty representative isolates were further identified through multilocus phylogenetic analyses. Ten species belonging to four species complexes were identified. Colletotrichum cf. cigarro was the most frequent taxon (n = 17), followed by C. pyricola (n = 9), C. gloeosporioides (n = 6), C. jiangxiense (n = 5), C. karsti (n = 4), C. anthrisci (n = 3), C. brassicicola (n = 3), C. laurosilvaticum (n = 1), C. fructicola (n = 1), and C. perseae (n = 1). Pathogenicity tests reproduced anthracnose symptoms in inoculated fruits, whereas control fruits remained symptomless, and revealed differences in virulence among isolates and species. This study provides the first report of C. brassicicola, C. laurosilvaticum and C. pyricola as causal agents of avocado anthracnose, highlights the diversity of Colletotrichum species in Chilean avocado groves, and provides insights for improved management strategies for avocado anthracnose.

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