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EUPHRESCO III-Special Issue on Plant Health Priorities-RESEARCH PAPERS

Esca disease complex of grapevine in Montenegro: incidence, economic importance, variety sensitivity, and identification of the pathogens

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  • Bogoljub KANDIĆ ,
  • Christos TSOUKAS ,
  • Jelena LATINOVIĆ ,
  • Epaminondas J. PAPLOMATAS ,
  • Nedeljko LATINOVIC
Bogoljub KANDIĆ
University of Montenegro, Biotechnical Faculty, Mihaila Lalića 15, 81 000 Podgorica, Montenegro
Christos TSOUKAS
Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Crop Science, School of Plant Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos str., 118 55 Votanikos, Athens, Greece
Jelena LATINOVIĆ
University of Montenegro, Biotechnical Faculty, Mihaila Lalića 15, 81 000 Podgorica, Montenegro
Epaminondas J. PAPLOMATAS
Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Crop Science, School of Plant Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos str., 118 55 Votanikos, Athens, Greece
Nedeljko LATINOVIC
University of Montenegro, Biotechnical Faculty, Mihaila Lalića 15, 81 000 Podgorica, Montenegro
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36253/phyto-15980
Categories

Published 2026-03-23

Keywords

  • vineyard,
  • autochthonous varieties,
  • Fungi,
  • Grapevine trunk diseases

How to Cite

[1]
KANDIĆ B., C. TSOUKAS, LATINOVIĆ J., E. J. PAPLOMATAS, and N. LATINOVIC, “Esca disease complex of grapevine in Montenegro: incidence, economic importance, variety sensitivity, and identification of the pathogens”, Phytopathol. Mediterr., Mar. 2026.

Copyright (c) 2026 Bogoljub KANDIĆ , Christos TSOUKAS , Jelena LATINOVIĆ , Epaminondas J. PAPLOMATAS , Nedeljko LATINOVIC

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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Abstract

Grapevine cultivation in Montenegro has long historical and economic significance, with wine being a key trade product. However, under Montenegrin agroecological conditions, grapevine cultivation is increasingly threatened by plant diseases, particularly the Esca disease complex (EDC) which is the most economically damaging among grapevine trunk disease. A 4 year survey from 2021 to 2024 confirmed presence of EDC in all Montenegrin winegrowing regions, as Grapevine Leaf Stripe Disease (GLSD) and apoplexy. Symptom severity varied by grapevine variety and vineyard age, with the greatest incidence in vineyards aged 30–35 years. The indigenous varieties Vranac and Kratošija were more susceptible than introduced varieties (Syrah, Merlot, Chardonnay, Cabernet Sauvignon). Laboratory analyses of symptomatic trunks yielded numerous isolates of endophytic microorganisms. Preliminary identification of these, based on morphology, and molecular PCR diagnostics targeting the ITS rRNA genomic region, plus analyses of the partial tub2 and tef1-α genes, identified three key fungi responsible for EDC in Montenegro: Phaeoacremonium minimum, Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, and Fomitiporia mediterranea. In the investigated vineyards, numbers of empty places remaining after removal of dead grapevines varied, depending on vineyard age and grape variety. In a 21-year-old vineyard where dead vines were not replaced, vine loss of 32%, and direct yield reduction of 44%, were recorded, highlighting the substantial economic impact of esca disease.

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