Vol. 65 No. 2 (2026)
Articles

Identification of antifungal essential oils for control of brown spot pathogens of ‘Rocha’ pear

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  • Inês MENDONÇA ,
  • Beatriz FERNANDES ,
  • Carmo SERRANO,
  • Ana C. MARQUES,
  • Ricardo OLIVEIRA ,
  • Carina ALMEIDA,
  • Miguel LEÃO DE SOUSA,
  • Armando VENÂNCIO,
  • Sónia SILVA
Inês MENDONÇA
INIAV, IP – National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Research, Polo de Vairão, Rua dos Lagidos, Lugar da Madalena, 4485-655, Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal
Beatriz FERNANDES
INIAV, IP – National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Research, Avenida da República, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
Carmo SERRANO
INIAV, IP – National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Research, Avenida da República, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
Ana C. MARQUES
CERENA, DEQ, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Avenida Rovisco Pais, No. 1, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
Ricardo OLIVEIRA
INIAV, IP – National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Research, Polo de Vairão, Rua dos Lagidos, Lugar da Madalena, 4485-655, Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal
Carina ALMEIDA
INIAV, IP – National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Research, Polo de Vairão, Rua dos Lagidos, Lugar da Madalena, 4485-655, Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal
Miguel LEÃO DE SOUSA
INIAV, IP – National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Research, Polo de Alcobaça, Estrada de Leiria, 2460-059, Alcobaça, Portugal
Armando VENÂNCIO
CEB – Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
Sónia SILVA
CEB – Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36253/phyto-17132
Categories

Published 2026-09-10

Keywords

  • Alternaria arborescens,
  • Stemphylium vesicarium,
  • fungicide sensitivity,
  • in vitro screening

How to Cite

[1]
MENDONÇA I., “Identification of antifungal essential oils for control of brown spot pathogens of ‘Rocha’ pear”, Phytopathol. Mediterr., vol. 65, no. 2, pp. 267–286, Sep. 2026.

Copyright (c) 2026 Inês MENDONÇA , Beatriz FERNANDES , Carmo SERRANO, Ana C. MARQUES, Ricardo OLIVEIRA , Carina ALMEIDA, Miguel LEÃO DE SOUSA, Armando VENÂNCIO, Sónia SILVA

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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Abstract

Brown spot of pear (BSP) is a major concern in ‘Rocha’ pear production. Essential oils were identified with in vitro antifungal properties against fungi isolated from BSP, and encapsulated formulations were developed via spray-drying. Four fungal isolates from symptomatic leaf and fruit tissues of ‘Rocha’ pears were identified as Stemphylium vesicarium (isolates MUM 26.01 and MUM 26.02) and Alternaria arborescens (isolates MUM 26.03 and MUM 26.04) through multilocus sequencing. Sensitivity of these isolates was assessed to five fungicides commonly used in Portuguese orchards. Tebuconazole and cyprodinil were the most effective across isolates, while trifloxystrobin gave limited inhibition, indicating low sensitivity of these isolates. To assess sustainable alternatives, 18 essential oils (EOs) were screened, showing that lemongrass and lemon thyme EOs were the most promising candidates, completely inhibiting mycelium growth and spore germination of the fungi at low concentrations. Encapsulation of these two EOs on HI-CAP® 100, using spray-drying, preserved their antifungal activity. Chemical characterization showed that lemongrass and lemon thyme EOs consisted primarily of oxygenated monoterpenes, which were probably responsible for the high antifungal activity observed. These results highlight the potential of lemongrass and lemon thyme EOs as promising candidates for in vivo validation as sustainable alternatives to synthetic fungicides for control of S. vesicarium and A. arborescens, and management of BSP in ‘Rocha’ pear production.

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