Vol. 61 No. 1 (2022)
Articles

Understanding the control strategies effective against the esca leaf stripe symptom: the edge hypothesis

Giovanni DEL FRARI
LEAF-Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food-Research Center, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon
Francesco CALZARANO
Faculty of Bioscience and Technologies for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini, 1, 64100 Teramo
Ricardo BOAVIDA FERREIRA
LEAF-Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food-Research Center, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon

Published 2022-05-13

Keywords

  • Grapevine trunk diseases,
  • interveinal necrosis,
  • grapevine,
  • Fomitiporia mediterranea,
  • trunk surgery

How to Cite

[1]
G. DEL FRARI, F. CALZARANO, and R. BOAVIDA FERREIRA, “Understanding the control strategies effective against the esca leaf stripe symptom: the edge hypothesis”, Phytopathol. Mediterr., vol. 61, no. 1, pp. 153–164, May 2022.

Abstract

A peculiar symptom that may develop in grapevines affected by wood pathogens involved in the esca complex of diseases is the leaf stripe symptom, which also gives the name to the Grapevine Leaf Stripe Disease. Multiple studies have revealed strong links between fungal presence, wood symptomatology and expression of the leaf stripe symptom. However, numerous other factors have been shown to play roles in symptom onset, incidence, severity and yearly fluctuation of this disease. While the factors triggering the leaf stripe symptom are still under investigation, three control strategies have been proven effective for substantially reducing its expression, namely trunk surgery, and applications of sodium arsenite or a fertilizer mixture. These control strategies are examined here, including their (putative or confirmed) modes of action, and how they may influence the leaf stripe symptom development. In this article, we also propose the ‘edge’ hypothesis to tentatively explain symptoms onset, keeping in consideration past knowledge and recent advances in the understanding of the esca leaf stripe symptom. Ultimately, it is our intention to offer food-for-thought and stimulate debate within the phytopathological community.

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