Articles
A synergic and compatible microbial-based consortium for biocontrol of Fusarium wilt of tomato
Venkidusamy Kavi SIDHARTHAN- Govindan POTHIRAJ
- Vinayagamoorthy SURYAPRAKASH
- Awani Kumar SINGH
- Rashmi AGGARWAL
- Veerubommu SHANMUGAM
Published 2023-07-23
Keywords
- Chaetomium,
- bioconsortium,
- tomato,
- Fusarium wilt,
- management
How to Cite
[1]
V. K. SIDHARTHAN, G. POTHIRAJ, V. SURYAPRAKASH, A. K. SINGH, R. AGGARWAL, and V. SHANMUGAM, “A synergic and compatible microbial-based consortium for biocontrol of Fusarium wilt of tomato”, Phytopathol. Mediterr., vol. 62, no. 2, pp. 183–197, Jul. 2023.
Copyright (c) 2023 Venkidusamy Kavi SIDHARTHAN, Govindan POTHIRAJ, Vinayagamoorthy SURYAPRAKASH, Awani Kumar SINGH, Rashmi AGGARWAL, Veerubommu SHANMUGAM
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Abstract
Bioconsortia, based on Chaetomium globosum (isolate CgCG-2), Pseudomonas putida (PpTS-1), Bacillus subtilis (BsS2BC-1), and Trichoderma harzianum (ThS17TH), were designed to develop eco-friendly alternatives for biocontrol of vascular wilt of tomato caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol). In vitro compatibilities of microbes in these consortia were assessed for growth, antagonism, and biocontrol-related gene expression. In these bioassays, the biocontrol isolates had positive interactions for the tested parameters. In pot experiments, seed and soil applications of culture suspensions of five different isolate mixtures were assessed, in comparisons with individual isolates, for efficacy in vascular wilt control after challenge inoculations with Fol under polyhouse conditions. Compared to experimental controls, the biocontrol isolate mixtures reduced vascular wilt incidence and promoted plant growth. PpTS-1 + CgCG-2 + ThS17TH was the most effective microbial consortium, giving 71% reduction of Fusarium wilt incidence compared to non-treated controls. This reduced incidence increased plant growth by 135%. Upregulation of genes encoding for allene oxide cyclase, pathogenesis-related proteins 3, and 5, and β-1,3-glucanase in tomato plants indicated that the reduction in vascular wilt by the consortia could be partly plant-mediated. This study provides new insights into the development of microbial-based consortia for the biocontrol of vascular wilt in tomato.
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References
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Aggarwal R., Sharma S., Gupta S., Singh K., Shanmugam V., 2016. Role of defence enzymes in biocontrol of spot blotch and leaf rust of wheat (Triticum sp. L.) by Chaetomium globosum. Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 10(3): 2071-2078.
Aggarwal R., Tewari A.K., Srivastava K.D., Singh D.V., 2004. Role of antibiosis in the biological control of spot blotch (Cochliobolus sativus) of wheat by Chaetomium globosum. Mycopathologia 157(4): 369-377.
Dugassa A., Alemu T., Woldehawariat Y., 2021. In-vitro compatibility assay of indigenous Trichoderma and Pseudomonas species and their antagonistic activities against black root rot disease (Fusarium solani) of faba bean (Vicia faba L.). BMC Microbiology 21(1): 1-11.
El-Katatny M.H., Somitsch W., Robra K.H., El-Katatny M.S., Gübitz G.M., 2000. Production of chitinase and β-1, 3-glucanase by Trichoderma harzianum for control of the phytopathogenic fungus Sclerotium rolfsii. Food Technology and Biotechnology 38(3): 173-180.
Jetiyanon K., Kloepper J.W., 2002. Mixtures of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria for induction of systemic resistance against multiple plant diseases. Biological control 24(3): 285-291.
Kamalakannan A., Shanmugam V., 2009. Management approaches of maize downy mildew using biocontrol agents and plant extracts. Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica 44(2): 255-266.
Kamou N.N., Cazorla F., Kandylas G., Lagopodi A.L., 2020. Induction of defense-related genes in tomato plants after treatments with the biocontrol agents Pseudomonas chlororaphis ToZa7 and Clonostachys rosea IK726. Archives of microbiology 202(2): 257-267.
Karuppiah V., Sun J., Li T., Vallikkannu M., Chen J., 2019. Co-cultivation of Trichoderma asperellum GDFS1009 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 1841 causes differential gene expression and improvement in the wheat growth and biocontrol activity. Frontiers in microbiology 10: 1068.
Larkin R.P., Fravel D.R., 1998. Efficacy of various fungal and bacterial biocontrol organisms for control of Fusarium wilt of tomato. Plant disease 82(9): 1022-1028.
Liu Z.H., Yang Q., Hu S., Zhang J.D., Ma J., 2008. Cloning and characterization of a novel chitinase gene (chi46) from Chaetomium globosum and identification of its biological activity. Applied microbiology and biotechnology 80(2): 241-252.
Livak K.J., Schmittgen T.D., 2001. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2−ΔΔCT method. Methods 25(4): 402-408.
Lutz M.P., Wenger S., Maurhofer M., Défago G., Duffy B., 2004. Signaling between bacterial and fungal biocontrol agents in a strain mixture. FEMS microbiology ecology 48(3): 447-455.
Manczinger L., Molnár A., Kredics L., Antal Z., 2002. Production of bacteriolytic enzymes by mycoparasitic Trichoderma strains. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 18(2): 147-150.
Martínez-Medina A., Fernández I., Sánchez-Guzmán M.J., Jung S.C., Pascual J.A., Pozo M.J., 2013. Deciphering the hormonal signalling network behind the systemic resistance induced by Trichoderma harzianum in tomato. Frontiers in Plant Science 4: 206.
Morán-Diez E., Rubio B., Domínguez S., Hermosa R., Monte E., Nicolás C., 2012. Transcriptomic response of Arabidopsis thaliana after 24h incubation with the biocontrol fungus Trichoderma harzianum. Journal of plant physiology 169(6): 614-620.
Pieterse C.M., Leon-Reyes A., Van der Ent S., Van Wees S.C., 2009. Networking by small-molecule hormones in plant immunity. Nature chemical biology 5(5): 308-316.
Rashmi A., Tiwari A.K., Dureja P., Srivastava K.D., 2007. Quantitative analysis of secondary metabolites produced by Chaetomium globosum Krunze ex Fr. Journal of Biological Control 21(1): 163-168.
Senthilraja G., Anand T., Durairaj C., Kennedy J.S., Suresh S., Raguchander T., Samiyappan R., 2010. A new microbial consortia containing entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, Pseudomonas fluorescens for simultaneous management of leafminers and collar rot disease in groundnut. Biocontrol Science and Technology 20(5): 449-464.
Shanmugam V., 2005. Chitinases in defence against phytopathogenic fungi. In: Crop Protection-Management Strategies (D. Prasad, ed.), Daya Publishing House, New Delhi, India, 403-426.
Shanmugam V., Kanoujia N., 2011. Biological management of vascular wilt of tomato caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycospersici by plant growth-promoting rhizobacterial mixture. Biological control 57(2): 85-93.
Shanmugam V., Kanoujia N., Singh M., Singh S., Prasad R., 2011. Biocontrol of vascular wilt and corm rot of gladiolus caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. gladioli using plant growth promoting rhizobacterial mixture. Crop protection 30(7): 807-813.
Shanmugam V., Senthil N., Raguchander T., Ramanathan A., Samiyappan R., 2002. Interaction of Pseudomonas fluorescens with Rhizobium for their effect on the management of peanut root rot. Phytoparasitica 30(2): 169-176.
Shanmugam V., Gupta S., Dohroo N.P., 2013. Selection of a compatible biocontrol strain mixture based on co-cultivation to control rhizome rot of ginger. Crop Protection 43: 119-127.
Sharma V., Salwan R., Shanmugam V., 2018. Unraveling the multilevel aspects of least explored plant beneficial Trichoderma saturnisporum isolate GITX-Panog (C). European Journal of Plant Pathology 152(1): 169-83
Shavit R., Ofek-Lalzar M., Burdman S., Morin S., 2013. Inoculation of tomato plants with rhizobacteria enhances the performance of the phloem-feeding insect Bemisia tabaci. Frontiers in plant science 4: 306.
Sidharthan V.K., Aggarwal R., Shanmugam V., 2019. Fusarium wilt of crop plants: Disease Development and Management. In: Wilt Diseases of Crops and their Management (A. Bhattacharyya, B.N. Chakraborty, S.C. Dubey, ed.), Today and Tomorrow Printers and Publisher, New Delhi, India, 519-533.
Sidharthan V.K., Aggarwal R., Surenthiran N., Shanmugam V., 2018. Selection and characterization of the virulent Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici isolate inciting vascular wilt of tomato. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 7(2): 1749-1756.
Sotoyama K., Akutsu K., Nakajima M., 2016. Biological control of Fusarium wilt by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens IUMC7 isolated from mushroom compost. Journal of General Plant Pathology 82(2): 105-109.
Sun C., Jin L., Cai Y., Huang Y., Zheng X., Yu T., 2019. L-Glutamate treatment enhances disease resistance of tomato fruit by inducing the expression of glutamate receptors and the accumulation of amino acids. Food Chemistry 293: 263-270.
Uppalapati S.R., Ayoubi P., Weng H., Palmer D.A., Mitchell R.E., Jones W., Bender C.L., 2005. The phytotoxin coronatine and methyl jasmonate impact multiple phytohormone pathways in tomato. The Plant Journal 42(2): 201-217.
Vaidya M., Shanmugam V., Gulati A., 2004. Evaluation of bio-control agents against Fusarium isolates infecting carnation, gladiolus. Annals of Plant Protection Sciences 12(2): 305-309.
Woloshuk C.P., Meulenhoff J.S., Sela-Buurlage M., Van den Elzen P.J., Cornelissen B.J., 1991. Pathogen-induced proteins with inhibitory activity toward Phytophthora infestans. The Plant Cell 3(6): 619-628.
Woo S., Fogliano V., Scala F., Lorito M., 2002. Synergism between fungal enzymes and bacterial antibiotics may enhance biocontrol. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 81(1): 353-356.
Aggarwal R., Sharma S., Gupta S., Singh K., Shanmugam V., 2016. Role of defence enzymes in biocontrol of spot blotch and leaf rust of wheat (Triticum sp. L.) by Chaetomium globosum. Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 10(3): 2071-2078.
Aggarwal R., Tewari A.K., Srivastava K.D., Singh D.V., 2004. Role of antibiosis in the biological control of spot blotch (Cochliobolus sativus) of wheat by Chaetomium globosum. Mycopathologia 157(4): 369-377.
Dugassa A., Alemu T., Woldehawariat Y., 2021. In-vitro compatibility assay of indigenous Trichoderma and Pseudomonas species and their antagonistic activities against black root rot disease (Fusarium solani) of faba bean (Vicia faba L.). BMC Microbiology 21(1): 1-11.
El-Katatny M.H., Somitsch W., Robra K.H., El-Katatny M.S., Gübitz G.M., 2000. Production of chitinase and β-1, 3-glucanase by Trichoderma harzianum for control of the phytopathogenic fungus Sclerotium rolfsii. Food Technology and Biotechnology 38(3): 173-180.
Jetiyanon K., Kloepper J.W., 2002. Mixtures of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria for induction of systemic resistance against multiple plant diseases. Biological control 24(3): 285-291.
Kamalakannan A., Shanmugam V., 2009. Management approaches of maize downy mildew using biocontrol agents and plant extracts. Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica 44(2): 255-266.
Kamou N.N., Cazorla F., Kandylas G., Lagopodi A.L., 2020. Induction of defense-related genes in tomato plants after treatments with the biocontrol agents Pseudomonas chlororaphis ToZa7 and Clonostachys rosea IK726. Archives of microbiology 202(2): 257-267.
Karuppiah V., Sun J., Li T., Vallikkannu M., Chen J., 2019. Co-cultivation of Trichoderma asperellum GDFS1009 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 1841 causes differential gene expression and improvement in the wheat growth and biocontrol activity. Frontiers in microbiology 10: 1068.
Larkin R.P., Fravel D.R., 1998. Efficacy of various fungal and bacterial biocontrol organisms for control of Fusarium wilt of tomato. Plant disease 82(9): 1022-1028.
Liu Z.H., Yang Q., Hu S., Zhang J.D., Ma J., 2008. Cloning and characterization of a novel chitinase gene (chi46) from Chaetomium globosum and identification of its biological activity. Applied microbiology and biotechnology 80(2): 241-252.
Livak K.J., Schmittgen T.D., 2001. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2−ΔΔCT method. Methods 25(4): 402-408.
Lutz M.P., Wenger S., Maurhofer M., Défago G., Duffy B., 2004. Signaling between bacterial and fungal biocontrol agents in a strain mixture. FEMS microbiology ecology 48(3): 447-455.
Manczinger L., Molnár A., Kredics L., Antal Z., 2002. Production of bacteriolytic enzymes by mycoparasitic Trichoderma strains. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 18(2): 147-150.
Martínez-Medina A., Fernández I., Sánchez-Guzmán M.J., Jung S.C., Pascual J.A., Pozo M.J., 2013. Deciphering the hormonal signalling network behind the systemic resistance induced by Trichoderma harzianum in tomato. Frontiers in Plant Science 4: 206.
Morán-Diez E., Rubio B., Domínguez S., Hermosa R., Monte E., Nicolás C., 2012. Transcriptomic response of Arabidopsis thaliana after 24h incubation with the biocontrol fungus Trichoderma harzianum. Journal of plant physiology 169(6): 614-620.
Pieterse C.M., Leon-Reyes A., Van der Ent S., Van Wees S.C., 2009. Networking by small-molecule hormones in plant immunity. Nature chemical biology 5(5): 308-316.
Rashmi A., Tiwari A.K., Dureja P., Srivastava K.D., 2007. Quantitative analysis of secondary metabolites produced by Chaetomium globosum Krunze ex Fr. Journal of Biological Control 21(1): 163-168.
Senthilraja G., Anand T., Durairaj C., Kennedy J.S., Suresh S., Raguchander T., Samiyappan R., 2010. A new microbial consortia containing entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, Pseudomonas fluorescens for simultaneous management of leafminers and collar rot disease in groundnut. Biocontrol Science and Technology 20(5): 449-464.
Shanmugam V., 2005. Chitinases in defence against phytopathogenic fungi. In: Crop Protection-Management Strategies (D. Prasad, ed.), Daya Publishing House, New Delhi, India, 403-426.
Shanmugam V., Kanoujia N., 2011. Biological management of vascular wilt of tomato caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycospersici by plant growth-promoting rhizobacterial mixture. Biological control 57(2): 85-93.
Shanmugam V., Kanoujia N., Singh M., Singh S., Prasad R., 2011. Biocontrol of vascular wilt and corm rot of gladiolus caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. gladioli using plant growth promoting rhizobacterial mixture. Crop protection 30(7): 807-813.
Shanmugam V., Senthil N., Raguchander T., Ramanathan A., Samiyappan R., 2002. Interaction of Pseudomonas fluorescens with Rhizobium for their effect on the management of peanut root rot. Phytoparasitica 30(2): 169-176.
Shanmugam V., Gupta S., Dohroo N.P., 2013. Selection of a compatible biocontrol strain mixture based on co-cultivation to control rhizome rot of ginger. Crop Protection 43: 119-127.
Sharma V., Salwan R., Shanmugam V., 2018. Unraveling the multilevel aspects of least explored plant beneficial Trichoderma saturnisporum isolate GITX-Panog (C). European Journal of Plant Pathology 152(1): 169-83
Shavit R., Ofek-Lalzar M., Burdman S., Morin S., 2013. Inoculation of tomato plants with rhizobacteria enhances the performance of the phloem-feeding insect Bemisia tabaci. Frontiers in plant science 4: 306.
Sidharthan V.K., Aggarwal R., Shanmugam V., 2019. Fusarium wilt of crop plants: Disease Development and Management. In: Wilt Diseases of Crops and their Management (A. Bhattacharyya, B.N. Chakraborty, S.C. Dubey, ed.), Today and Tomorrow Printers and Publisher, New Delhi, India, 519-533.
Sidharthan V.K., Aggarwal R., Surenthiran N., Shanmugam V., 2018. Selection and characterization of the virulent Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici isolate inciting vascular wilt of tomato. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 7(2): 1749-1756.
Sotoyama K., Akutsu K., Nakajima M., 2016. Biological control of Fusarium wilt by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens IUMC7 isolated from mushroom compost. Journal of General Plant Pathology 82(2): 105-109.
Sun C., Jin L., Cai Y., Huang Y., Zheng X., Yu T., 2019. L-Glutamate treatment enhances disease resistance of tomato fruit by inducing the expression of glutamate receptors and the accumulation of amino acids. Food Chemistry 293: 263-270.
Uppalapati S.R., Ayoubi P., Weng H., Palmer D.A., Mitchell R.E., Jones W., Bender C.L., 2005. The phytotoxin coronatine and methyl jasmonate impact multiple phytohormone pathways in tomato. The Plant Journal 42(2): 201-217.
Vaidya M., Shanmugam V., Gulati A., 2004. Evaluation of bio-control agents against Fusarium isolates infecting carnation, gladiolus. Annals of Plant Protection Sciences 12(2): 305-309.
Woloshuk C.P., Meulenhoff J.S., Sela-Buurlage M., Van den Elzen P.J., Cornelissen B.J., 1991. Pathogen-induced proteins with inhibitory activity toward Phytophthora infestans. The Plant Cell 3(6): 619-628.
Woo S., Fogliano V., Scala F., Lorito M., 2002. Synergism between fungal enzymes and bacterial antibiotics may enhance biocontrol. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 81(1): 353-356.