Allexivirus: review and perspectives

Abstract

Allexivirus (Alphaflexiviridae) was first described in 1970 by Razvjazkina. Since then, Allexivirus species have been detected in many countries. Although this genus primarily infects plants in the Amaryllidaceae, other hosts include plants in the Fabaceae, Rosaceae and Orchidaceae. Thirteen Allexivirus species have been assigned. Eight of these infect Allium hosts, and these include: shallot virus X (ShVX), garlic virus A (GarV-A), garlic virus B (GarV-B), garlic virus C (GarV-C), garlic virus D (GarV-D), garlic virus E (GarV-E), garlic virus X (GarV-X), and garlic-mite filamentous virus (GarMbFV). Five have been described from non-Allium hosts, including blackberry virus E (BVE), vanilla latent virus (VLV), alfalfa virus S (AVS), Arachis pintoi virus (ApV), and Senna severe yellow mosaic virus (SSYMV). This review analyzes the taxonomic positions of the thirteen recognized species and four unassigned species (Allexivirus DS-2013/CZE isolate, shallot mite-borne latent virus (SMbLV), cassia mild mosaic virus (CaMMV), and papaya virus A (PaVA)). Based on the inspection of data, we have concluded that PaVA is an Allexivirus, DS-2013/CZE is an isolate of GarV-D, and SMbLV is an isolate of ShVX. Current knowledge of the host ranges, symptoms, genome structure and modes of transmission of these viruses is also summarized, and control measures employed against them are outlined.