Published 2026-01-29
Keywords
- Palingenesis,
- Spontaneous ecology,
- Brownfield,
- Environmental justice,
- Community engagement
How to Cite
Copyright (c) 2026 Sara Piccirillo, Rosaria Iodice, Benedetta Pastena

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Abstract
The research proposes a critical reflection on the self-regenerative potential of brownfields thanks to spontaneous rewilding, envisioning them as laboratories of experimentation capable of triggering alternative and adaptive forms of urban regeneration. Guided by the concepts of urban palingenesis, spontaneous ecologies and common goods, the contribution investigates how episodes of prolonged abandonment can cause unexpected processes of ecological rebirth and civic mobilization. A comparative analysis of three emblematic cases - Canvey Wick (UK), La Goccia (Italy) and Bullicante Lake (Italy) - shows how local communities, associations and informal actors can redefine landscapes, functions and values of brownfields. The comparison highlights a constant tension between top-down models of reclamation and bottom-up approaches of care and re-appropriation, suggesting a paradigmatic shift: moving from technical and standardised interventions to open, relational, multi-species and situated processes.
Downloads
References
- Adamo, P., Mingo, A., Coppola, I., Motti, R., Stinca, A., & Agrelli, D. (2015). Plant colonization of brownfield soil and post-washing sludge: Effect of organic amendment and environmental conditions. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 12(6), 1811–1824. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-014-0597-9
- APAT (2006) Proposta di linee guida per il recupero ambientale e la valorizzazione economica dei brownfields, ISBN 88-448-0219-8
- BenDor, T. K., Metcalf, S. S., & Paich, M. (2011). The Dynamics of Brownfield Redevelopment. Sustainability, 3(6), 914-936. https://doi.org/10.3390/su3060914
- Bez, C.S., Ash, M., Boyce, J.K. (2024) Environmental inequality in industrial brownfields: Evidence from French municipalities, Ecological Economics, Vol. 217, 108018, ISSN 0921-8009, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2023.108018.
- Bizzotto, E. C., Semenzin, E., Giubilato, E., Frisario, S., Zaninetta, L., Bonfedi, G., Villani F., & Marcomini, A. (2023). Ecological risk assessment for contaminated sites in Italy: Guidelines and path forward. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, 19(4), 913-919.
- Bizzotto, E.C., Raimondi B., (2024) in RETURN: Pre-Release-Deliverable DV 5.4.5 - Evaluation Framework for Monitoring Cir-cularity, Sustainability and Resilience of Urban Metabolism (2024).
- Bradshaw, A. (2000). The use of natural processes in reclamation - Advantages and difficulties. Landscape and Urban Planning. 51. 89-100. 10.1016/S0169-2046(00)00099-2.
- CLARINET (2002) Brownfields and Redevelopment of Urban Areas. https://haemers-technologies.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Brownfields_and_Redevelopment-Urban_Areas.pdf
- Clément, G. (2004). Manifeste du Tiers paysage. Sujet/Objet.
- Cooper, C., Collier, M.J., Pineda-Pinto, M. et al (2024). Urban novel ecosystems as affective landscapes. Sustain Sci 19, 1921–1933. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-024-01539-w
- Coppin, N. J., & Bradshaw, A. D. (1982). Quarry reclamation: establishment of vegetation in quarries and open pit non-metal mines. Mining Journal Books.
- Do, R. A., & Fassari, L. (2023). Hybrid nature-ruin. The case of the ex Snia lake in Rome. Quaderni di Sociologia, (81). https://doi.org/10.4000/qds.6790
- European Commission (2012): Directorate-General for Environment, Guidelines on best practice to limit, mitigate or compensate soil sealing, Publications Office, 2012, https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2779/75498
- European Commission (2021): Directorate-General for Environment, EU biodiversity strategy for 2030 – Bringing nature back into our lives, Publications Office of the European Union, 2021, https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2779/677548
- European Commission (2020): Directorate-General for Research and Innovation, Bulkeley, H., Naumann, S., Vojinovic, Z., Calfapietra, C. et al., Nature-based solutions – State of the art in EU-funded projects, Freitas, T.(editor), Vandewoestijne, S.(editor) and Wild, T.(editor), Publications Office of the European Union, 2020, https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2777/236007
- Regulation (EU) 2024/1991 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 June 2024 on nature restoration and amending Regulation (EU) 2022/869 (Nature Restoration Law)
- Fiocca, G. (2022). Dove la natura impara i suoi diritti. Lago Bullicante ex Snia, Roma. Critica urbana. Rivista di studi urbani e territoriali, 5(24), giugno. A Coruña: Critica urbana. Retrieved from: https://criticaurbana.com/dove-la-natura-si-riprende-i-suoi-diritti-lago-bullicante-ex-snia-roma#_ftn5
- Gatti, G. (2021). Un ecosistema emergente: il lago Bullicante. Gli Asini, (93), 65–69. Retrieved from https://gliasinirivista.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/gli_asini_93.pdf
- Guetté, A., Carruthers-Jones, J. (2022). Spontaneous Rewilding through Land Abandonment. In The baseline concept in biodiversity conservation. Being nostalgic or not in the Anthropocene era, pp.87-106. First Edition. Edited by Laurent Godet; Simon Dufour and Anne-Julia Rollet. © ISTE Ltd 2022. Published by ISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons, Inc. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781394173679.ch6
- Richard J. Hobbs, Eric S. Higgs, Carol Hall (2013) Novel Ecosystems: Intervening in the New Ecological World Order, John Wiley & Sons, ISBN:9781118354223, ISBN:9781118354186, DOI:10.1002/9781118354186
- Hou, D., Al-Tabbaa, A., Guthrie, P. & Hellings, J. (2014). Using a Hybrid LCA Method to Evaluate the Sustainability of Sediment Remediation at the London Olympic Park. J. Clean. Prod. 83, 87-95.
- Jacek, G., Rozan, A., Desrousseaux, M., Combroux, I. (2022). Brownfields over the years: from definition to sustainable reuse. Environmental Reviews -Ottawa- National Research Council, 30(1), pp. 50-60. 10.1139/er-2021-0017.hal-03639159
- Ludovici, L., & Pastore, M. C. (2024). Informal Urban Biodiversity in the Milan Metropolitan Area: The Role of Spontaneous Nature in the Leftover Regeneration Process. Land, 13(8), 1123. https://doi.org/10.3390/land13081123
- Masood, N., & Russo, A. (2023). Community Perception of Brownfield Regeneration through Urban Rewilding. Sustainability, 15(4), 3842. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15043842
- Juliane Mathey, Thomas Arndt, Juliane Banse, Dieter Rink (2018) Public perception of spontaneous vegetation on brownfields in urban areas—Results from surveys in Dresden and Leipzig (Germany), Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, Vol. 29, pp. 384-392, ISSN 1618-8667, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2016.10.007.
- Mcgill, J. (2018). Management and creation of Open Mosaic Habitat for invertebrate conservation. PhD Thesis University of East London School of Architecture, Computing and Engineering https://doi.org/10.15123/PUB.7304
- Morar C, Berman L, Unkart S, Erdal S. Sustainable Brownfields Redevelopment in the European Union: An Overview of Policy and Funding Frameworks. J Environ Health. 2021 Nov;84(4):24-31. PMID: 35350129; PMCID: PMC8959022
- O'Connor, D. et al., (2019) Phytoremediation: Climate change resilience and sustainability assessment at a coastal brownfield redevelopment. Environ. Int. 130, 104945.
- Oliver, L.; Ferber, U.; Grimski, D.; Millar, K.; Nathanail, P. The scale and nature of european brownfields. In Proceedings of the CABERNET 2005—International Conference on Managing Urban Land LQM Ltd., Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK, 13–15 April 2005
- Paya Perez, A. and Rodriguez Eugenio, N., (2018) Status of local soil contamination in Europe: Revision of the indicator “Progress in the management contaminated sites in Europe” , EUR 29124 EN, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, ISBN 978-92-79-80073-3 (print),978-92-79-80072-6 (pdf), doi:10.2760/093804 (online),10.2760/503827 (print), JRC107508.
- Pereira, H.M., Navarro, L.M. (2015) Rewilding European Landscapes, Earth and Environmental Science, Earth and Environmental Science (R0), XXI, 227, Springer Cham, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12039-3
- Regulation (EU) 2024/1991 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 June 2024 on nature restoration and amending Regulation (EU) 2022/869 (Text with EEA relevance)
- Rey, E., Laprise, M., Lufkin, S. (2022). Urban Brownfields: Origin, Definition, and Diversity. In: Neighbourhoods in Transition. The Urban Book Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82208-8_2
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (2008). Brownfields overview and cleanup alternatives (BOA) program guide.EPA 560-F-08-001. https://www.epa.gov/brownfields
- Salmond, J. A., Tadaki, M., Vardoulakis, S., Arbuthnott, K., Coutts, A., Demuzere, M., ... & Wheeler, B. W. (2016). Health and climate related ecosystem services provided by street trees in the urban environment. Environmental Health, 15, 95-111.
- Salgueiro, P. A., Prach, K., Branquinho, C., & Mira, A. (2020). Enhancing biodiversity and ecosystem services in quarry restoration–challenges, strategies, and practice. Restoration Ecology, 28(3), 655-660.
- Semeraro, T., Scarano, A., Buccolieri, R., Santino, A., & Aarrevaara, E. (2021). Planning of urban green spaces: An ecological perspective on human benefits. Land, 10(2), 105.
- Sessa, M.R., Russo, A., Sica, F. (2022) Opinion paper on green deal for the urban regeneration of industrial brownfield land in Europe. Land Use Policy 119, 106198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2022.106198.
- Song, Y., Kirkwood, N., Maksimović, Č., Zheng, X., O'Connor, D., Jin, Y., & Hou, D. (2019). Nature based solutions for contaminated land remediation and brownfield redevelopment in cities: A review. Science of the Total Environment, 663, 568-579.
- Sundseth, K., & Directorate-General for Environment (European Commission). (2025). The Nature Restoration Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2024/1991). Publications Office of the European Union. https://doi.org/10.2779/5842922
- Thornton, G., Franz, Martin, Edwards, David, Pahlen, Gernot, Nathanail, Paul, (2007). The challenge of sustainability: incentives for brownfield regeneration in Europe. Environ. Sci. Pol. 10 (2), 116–134.
- Treccani. (s.d.). Vocabolario Treccani online. Edizione 2022, https://www.treccani.it/vocabolario
- Tsing, A. (2017). The Buck, the bull, and the dream of the stag: some unexpected weeds of the anthropocene. Suomen Antropologi: Journal of the Finnish Anthropological Society 42(1): 3–21.
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (2021). Overview of EPA’s Brownfields Program. https://www.epa.gov/brownfields/overviewepas-brownfields-program
- USEPA (2022). What is RE-Powering, <https://www.epa.gov/re-powering/what-re-powering>
- Wang, H., Zhao, Y., Gao, X., Gao, B. (2021) Collaborative decision-making for urban regeneration: a literature review and bibliometric analysis. Land Use Policy 107, 105479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2021.105479.
- Whisenant, S. G. (1999). Repairing Damaged Wildlands. A process-oriented Landscape-Scale Approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
- Xiaodong Jin, Shenhua Qian, Jia Yuan (2024) Identifying urban rewilding opportunity spaces in a metropolis: Chongqing as an example, Ecological Indicators, Volume 160, 111778, ISSN 1470-160X, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.111778.
