Vol. 16 No. 32 (2025): Communities and possible worlds. Community experiences and practices of resistance in neoliberal rationality
Articles

Resisting the Malls. Communication and Networking Practices of Solidarity Purchasing Groups (GAS) in Italy

Marco Binotto
Department of Communication and Social Research (CoRiS), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
Milena Cassella
Department of Communication and Social Research (CoRiS), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
Ignazio Terrana
Department of Communication and Social Research (CoRiS), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy

Published 2025-12-30

Keywords

  • Political consumerism,
  • social movement,
  • network analysis,
  • Content analysis,
  • web site

How to Cite

Binotto, M., Cassella, M., & Terrana, I. (2025). Resisting the Malls. Communication and Networking Practices of Solidarity Purchasing Groups (GAS) in Italy. SocietàMutamentoPolitica, 16(32), 119–130. https://doi.org/10.36253/smp-16193

Abstract

In neoliberal governance, the space for addressing most issues, whether private or public, is market driven. Political consumerism movements have for decades promoted a set of values, proposals, and “narratives” that aim to combine concern for the environment and social justice with profound changes in everyday life and lifestyles. In Italy, the purchase of products made by adopting criteria of sustainability and social responsibility or from organic farming, made through the collective organization of GAS, the Solidarity Purchasing Groups, is a distinctive solution among the many ethical consumption practices implemented in different territories or countries. The research’s objective was a) to analyze the external communication tools of GAS; and b) to study, through a network analysis, the structure of the connections and relationships between the websites of the groups and social movement organizations. The websites, profiles on social network sites and visual identity of more than 300 GAS present in the Italian territory were analyzed. Despite the fact that network strategy remains central to the movement’s repertoire of action and is articulated in a plentiful and karstic flow of relationships or, even intense, local activities and community-purchasing initiatives, these still struggle to emerge in digital communication, this potential does not invariably result in the transformation of resistance into communicative communities.

References

  1. Barbetta G.P., Zamaro N. and Ecchia G. (eds) (2016), Le istituzioni nonprofit in Italia: dieci anni dopo, Il Mulino, Bologna.
  2. Bennett W.L. and Segerberg A. (2013), The Logic of Connective Action: Digital Media and the Personalization of Contentious Politics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  3. Boström M., Føllesdal A., Klintma M., Micheletti M., and. Sørensen Mads P, (eds) (2005), «9. Private Choice and Public Influence: Political Consumers behind the Mirror of the Market», in Political Consumerism: Its Motivations, Power, and Conditions in the Nordic Countries and Elsewhere : Proceedings from the 2nd International Seminar on Political Consumerism, Oslo August 26-29, 2004: 183-201. Nordic Council of Ministers.
  4. Boström M., Micheletti M. and Oosterveer P. (eds.) (2019), The Oxford Handbook of Political Consumerism, Oxford University Press, New York.
  5. Brunori G., Rossi A. and Guidi F. (2012), «On the New Social Relations around and beyond Food. Analysing Consumers’ Role and Action in Gruppi Di Acquisto Solidale (Solidarity Purchasing Groups)», in Sociologia Ruralis 52 (1): 1-30.
  6. Burnham P. (2014), «Depoliticisation: Economic Crisis and Political Management», in Policy & Politics 42 (2): 189-206.
  7. Castells M. (2011a), The Rise of the Network Society: The Information Age: Economy, Society, and Culture, John Wiley & Sons.
  8. Castells M. (2011b.) The Power of Identity: The Information Age: Economy, Society, and Culture, Blackwell, Oxford, UK.
  9. Castells M. (2012), Networks of Outrage and Hope: Social Movements in the Internet Age, Mass, Polity Press, Cambridge.
  10. Castells M. (2013), Communication Power, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
  11. Clarke J., Newman J., Smith N., Vidler E. and Westmarland L. (2007), Creating Citizen-Consumers: Changing Publics and Changing Public Services, Sage, London.
  12. Lizabeth C. (2003), Consumers’ Republic, Random House, New York.
  13. De Nardis F. (2017), «The Concept of De-Politicization and Its Consequences», in Partecipazione e Conflitto 10 (2): 340-56.
  14. Feagan R. (2007), «The Place of Food: Mapping out the ‘Local’in Local Food Systems», in Progress in Human Geography 31 (1): 23-42.
  15. Fominaya C.F. (2014), Social Movements and Globalization: How Protests, Occupations and Uprisings Are Changing the World, Palgrave MacMillan, Houndmills.
  16. Forno F., Grasseni C. and Signori S. (2015), «Italy’s Solidarity Purchase Groups as “Citizenship Labs», in Putting Sustainability into Practice: Applications and Advances in Research on Sustainable Consumption, (eds.) E. Huddart Kennedy, M. J. Cohen and N. Krogman, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham, UK.
  17. Forno F. and Graziano P. R. (2014), «Sustainable Community Movement Organisations», in Journal of Consumer Culture 14 (2): 139-57.
  18. Freeden M. (2003), Ideology: A Very Short Introduction, OUP, Oxford.
  19. Freeman L. (2004), «The Development of Social Network Analysis», in A Study in the Sociology of Science 1 (687): 159-67.
  20. Geertz C. (1973), The Interpretation Of Cultures, Basic Books.
  21. Gerbaudo P. (2017), The Mask and the Flag: The Rise of Anarchopopulism in Global Protest, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
  22. Gibson-Graham J. K. (2006), A Postcapitalist Politics, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis.
  23. Goodman D., DuPuis E.M. and Goodman M. (2012), Alternative Food Networks. Knowledge, Practice, and Politics, Routledge, New York.
  24. Grasseni C. (2013), Beyond Alternative Food Networks: Italy’s Solidarity Purchase Groups, Bloomsbury Academic, New York.
  25. Guidi R. and Andretta M. (2015), «Between Resistance and Resilience. How Do Italian Solidarity Purchase Groups Change in Times of Crisis and Austerity?», in Partecipazione e Conflitto 8 (2): 443-77.
  26. Harrison R., Newholm T. and Shaw D. (2005), The Ethical Consumer, SAGE, London, New York.
  27. Hassanein N. (2003), «Practicing Food Democracy: A Pragmatic Politics of Transformation», in Journal of Rural Studies 19 (1): 77-86.
  28. Hilton M. (2009), Prosperity for All: Consumer Activism in an Era of Globalization, Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
  29. Hirschman A.O. (1982) Shifting Involvements : Private Interest and Public Action, Princeton Paperbacks, Princeton (New Jersey).
  30. Humphery K. (2013), Excess: Anti-Consumerism in the West, John Wiley & Sons.
  31. Hunt S. and Benford R. (2008), «Collective Identity, Solidarity, and Commitment», In The Blackwell Companion to Social Movements, edited by D.A. Snow, S,A. Soule and H. Kriesi, 433-60. John Wiley & Sons, Oxford.
  32. Jasper J.M. (2014), Protest: A Cultural Introduction to Social Movements, John Wiley & Sons, Oxford.
  33. Jenkins J.C. (1983), «Resource Mobilization Theory and the Study of Social Movements», in Annual Review of Sociology, 527-53.
  34. Kavada A. (2016), «Social Movements and Political Agency in the Digital Age: A Communication Approach», in Media and Communication 4 (4): 8–12. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v4i4.691.
  35. Krippendorff K. (2018), Content Analysis: An Introduction to Its Methodology, SAGE Publications, New York.
  36. Lewis T. and Potter E. (2011), Ethical Consumption: A Critical Introduction. Routledge, London. New York
  37. Littler Jo. (2009), Radical Consumption: Shopping for Change in Contemporary Culture, Maidenhead, Berkshire, England; New York: Open University Press//McGraw-Hill Education.
  38. Losito G. (1993), L’ analisi del contenuto nella ricerca sociale. Metodologia delle scienze umane, Franco Angeli, Milano.
  39. Nunes R. (2021), Neither Vertical nor Horizontal: A Theory of Political Organization, Verso Books.
  40. Oncini F., Bozzini E., Forno F. and Magnani N. (2020), «Towards Food Platforms? An Analysis of Online Food Provisioning Services in Italy», in Geoforum 114 (August): 172-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2020.06.004.
  41. Polletta F. (2009), It Was Like a Fever: Storytelling in Protest and Politics, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
  42. Della Porta D. and Diani M. (2015), The Oxford Handbook of Social Movements. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
  43. Della Porta D. and Diani M. (2020), Social Movements: An Introduction, John Wiley & Sons, Oxford.
  44. Renting H., Schermer M. and Rossi A. (2012), «Building Food Democracy: Exploring Civic Food Networks and Newly Emerging Forms of Food Citizenship», in International Journal of Sociology of Agriculture and Food 19 (3): 289-307.
  45. Renting H., Marsden T.K. and Banks J. (2003), «Understanding Alternative Food Networks: Exploring the Role of Short Food Supply Chains in Rural Development», in Environment and Planning A Abstract 35 (3): 393-411. https://doi.org/10.1068/a3510.
  46. Sonnino R. and Marsden T. (2006), «Beyond the Divide: Rethinking Relationships between Alternative and Conventional Food Networks in Europe», in Journal of Economic Geography 6 (2): 181-99. https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbi006.
  47. Tavolo RES (2010), Il Capitale Delle Relazioni. Come Creare e Organizzare Gruppi d’acquisto e Altre Reti Di Economia Solidale, in Cinquanta Storie Esemplari. Milano: Altreconomia.
  48. Touraine A. (1993), La Voix et Le Regard: Sociologie Des Mouvements Sociaux, Ed. du Seuil, Paris.
  49. Tregear A. (2011), «Progressing Knowledge in Alternative and Local Food Networks: Critical Reflections and a Research Agenda», in Journal of Rural Studies, Subjecting the Objective– Participation, Sustainability and Agroecological Research, 27 (4): 419-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2011.06.003.
  50. Treré E. (2018), Hybrid Media Activism: Ecologies, Imaginaries, Algorithms, Routledge, London.
  51. Wahlen S., Forno F. and Laamanen M. (2024), «Neo-Materialist Movement Organisations’ Scaling Through Strategies and Consumer Collective Action: Comparing Three European Food Movement Scenes», in Consumers and Consumption in Comparison, edited by Eivind Jacobsen, Pål Strandbakken, Arne Dulsrud, and Silje Elisabeth Skuland, 37:93–113. Comparative Social Research. Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/S0195-631020240000037005.