OnlineFirst Articles
EUPHRESCO III-Special Issue on Plant Health Research Priorities-REVIEW

Mycotoxin risks in Mediterranean agroecosystems: the maize paradigm linking plant health, climate change, and food/feed chains

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  • Marco CAMARDO LEGGIERI,
  • Antonio GALLO,
  • Paola BATTILANI
Marco CAMARDO LEGGIERI
Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense, 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
Antonio GALLO
Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense, 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
Paola BATTILANI
Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense, 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36253/phyto-17286
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Published 2026-09-27

Keywords

  • fungal ecology,
  • crop contamination,
  • maize system,
  • multi-mycotoxin co-occurence,
  • food chain risk

How to Cite

[1]
M. CAMARDO LEGGIERI, A. GALLO, and P. BATTILANI, “Mycotoxin risks in Mediterranean agroecosystems: the maize paradigm linking plant health, climate change, and food/feed chains”, Phytopathol. Mediterr., Sep. 2026.

Copyright (c) 2026 Marco CAMARDO LEGGIERI, Antonio GALLO, Paola BATTILANI

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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Abstract

Mycotoxin contamination is a major concern for food and feed safety, particularly in Mediterranean agroecosystems, where climatic variability strongly affects fungal ecology and crop susceptibility. This paper reconsiders, mycotoxin-producing fungi from a plant health perspective, framing contamination as the outcome of interactions among host plants, fungus communities, and environments. Multiple fungal species often co-exist, resulting in frequent co-occurrence of mycotoxins and complex contamination patterns. Maize was assessed as a paradigmatic system, highlighting the close links between plant infections, feed contamination, and food safety. These links include carry-over metabolism of aflatoxin B1 into aflatoxin M1, following ingestion of contaminated feed by dairy cows, and excretion of aflatoxin M1 in milk. Climate change can further modify these dynamics, by reshaping ecological niches, increasing crop stress, and causing shifts in fungal communities, with consequences for both the intensity and distribution of mycotoxin contamination. Mycotoxin risk is a dynamic, system-level issue, affecting entire food/feed chains. Addressing this complexity requires integrated approaches, that combine plant health management, monitoring, and predictive modelling to support risk assessment under changing environmental conditions.

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