Stephen Bann, Romanticism and the Rise of History, New York, Twayne Publishers, 1995, pp.183

Review by
© Giada Ceri
Università di Firenze

1. History as a paradigmatic form of knowledge is the object of Bann's study: the point of view is the romantic experience - looking at the French and at the English ones as a whole.
Following a particular method of analysis he observes the different stages through which History became self-conscious, ceasing to be just a localized discipline, and Romanticism developed a new code and new symbols - not merely linguistic ones - through which the experience of history can be interpreted and revisited.
That, briefly, was the rise of History through Romanticism, from a specific scientific practice to a substratum to the other cultural activities.
The analysis, based on an essential theoretical framing - Bann addresses himself to the German culture, Hegel, Marx and Nietzsche in particular, but Hayden White and Roland Barthes too -, is carried on through visual instances. The specific field of representation can be so opened to an exegesis which shows how images condense important data about romantic historical awareness. As the Cathedral of Notre-Dame in Paris: not just a building, but the representation of the Christian church's power and, also, the actor of its own spectacle. Or the Strasbourg Cathedral, which cannot be looked simply as an object outside time because of Goethe's investment in the past. And so on: look, for instance, at the John Leech's illustration to the Comic History of England, or at the Borbonic cult of Henry IV.

2. So Bann's analysis selects a particular thread of the movement of Romanticism: a relationship of lack which can be understood through various stages in representation - the desire of History and the processes of staging and living the past.
The book studies the changes in the technology of representation too,- as etching, litography and theatre -, of which the important role played in anticiping photography is stressed. This last is looked from the point of view of historical representation: photograph as "histoire" and not "discours" - an important difference, this one.
Through images can be followed the perception of historical past and its recreation during Romanticism: images do not simply record usages, but have a generative force.
Bann's expressed aim is not to arrive at definitive conclusions - that's impossible, because of the nature of analysis -, but to correct the positivity of certain historical awareness. And his exegesis allows the reader to become a spectator able to follow it in a direct way.